Author Archive

China: Solar Lamps – The Eyes of Herdsmen at Night

Abstract Since the western regions have good conditions of sunshine and rich solar energy resources, using solar photovoltaic (PV) energy to solve the problem of electricity supply for the local residents’ life has become a major technical choice. The solar PV systems in the western regions are mainly used to solve the problem of lighting. Restricted by the level of income, the users of most PV systems can only use DC power systems without inverters, so the use of DC lamps is very popular. At present, there are totally more than 100 DC lamp manufacturers in China. The production capacities of these manufacturers are all low and the quality of their products is also uneven. The reasons of poor product quality are as follows: some large enterprises with actual strength have not set foot in this market, holding the size of this market is too small; some small enterprises use components with inferior quality and low prices to cater for consumers’ preference for inexpensive products for their low purchasing power. These reasons have led to poor product quality, short service life and high cost in service life. The World Bank/Global Environment Facility China Renewable Energy Development Project that is underway at present has selectively inspected the products of some DC lamp manufacturers to keep abreast of the current situation of DC lamp manufacturing in China, provide a scientific basis for scientific support and other activities at the next step, and finally reach the purpose of increasing product quality, reducing production cost and serving the users through the measurement of samples and the analysis and summary of the result of inspection. When conducting market survey for the World Bank-supported China Renewable Energy Development Project in the western regions in 1998, the authors once asked the herdsmen that already had solar PV systems at that time: “If somebody wants to buy your existing solar PV system, how much do you want the buyer pay?” Almost all the interviewed herdsmen answered: “We’d never sell them at any price, because they are we herdsmen’s eyes at night.” As of the end of 2002, electricity supply was still unavailable for about 30 million persons of 7,053,790 households in 21,560 villages. Most of the persons that can get no electricity live in the outlying areas of the northwestern regions that are characterized by a broad territory but a scarce population that accounts for only 28% of China’s total population. Supplying electricity through the extension of powder grids is not reasonable in economy due to many mountains, dangerous landforms and very difficult construction. However, the good conditions of sunshine and the rich solar energy resources in the western regions have made the utilization of solar PV energy a major technical choice for solving the problem of domestic electricity supply for the local residents.
Author Center for Renewable Energy Development/Energy Research Institute/ National Development and Reform Commission, World Bank China Renewable Energy Development Project Song Yanqin, Zhang Cheng, Yang Zheng, May 2006
Publisher
Link http://www.frankhaugwitz.info/doks/pv/2006_05_China_PV_Solar_Lamps_The_Eyes_of_Herdsmen_at_Night.pdf
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6 Renewable Energy, 6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.3 Rural, Township and City Solar Development Programs and Specific Case Studies

Demonstration of a 100 KW Scale Rooftop PV System and Comparative Testing of Different PV Modules

Abstract The project is one of the sub-grant projects in the first round of photovoltaic competitive grant activities at the national level. The demonstration project uses the solar cell modules with a variety of materials (the validation key is which kind of solar cell module system is the most suitable for the rooftop solar PV power stations in the Jiangsu region) with the efficient and low-cost photovoltaic inverter technology of integration to grid and the radio communication technology of monitoring remote systems. The 112KW demonstration power station of efficient and low-cost photovoltaic integration to grid has been built, and the new technology demonstration has been accomplished of the PV grid-connected control inverter with high power, wireless remote transmission and BIPV, etc. The experience of promoting the rooftop plan has been accumulated. And the standard bases of the installation and safety design, etc. of small rooftop power generation system are provided
Author China Renewable Energy Scale-up Programme (CRESP), updated：3 July 2011
Publisher
Link http://www.cresp.org.cn/english/content.asp?id=1485
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6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.3 Rural, Township and City Solar Development Programs and Specific Case Studies

Innovated Solar PV Water Pumping Technology Demonstration Project

Abstract The project is one of the sub-grant projects in the first round of renewable energy competitive grant activities. 10 demonstration sites were established to install 500W, 1000W, 200W three series of photovoltaic water pumping systems in the areas of Inner Mongolia autonomous region without electricity and with drinking problem, which Can solve the drinking problems as well as the irrigation problems for the necessary production and living of 150 families of herdsmen and 45,000 heads of livestock. The demonstrated15kW photovoltaic water pumping system can save 77,000 yuan RMB annually; the annual increased income of livestock can reach 710,000 yuan RMB; the annual production value of forage can reach 144,000 yuan RMB; the total annual income is 931,000 yuan RMB.
Author China Renewable Energy Scale-up Programme (CRESP), Updated 4 July 2011
Publisher
Link http://www.cresp.org.cn/english/content.asp?id=1484
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6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.3 Rural, Township and City Solar Development Programs and Specific Case Studies

Inner Mongolia Yitai Ordos 205 KW Low Concentrating Solar PV Demonstration Power Plant

Abstract The project belongs to the CRESP technological progress activities at the provincial level. The 205kW concentrating photovoltaic power station (including the 5kW plate photovoltaic system) was constructed with low concentrating photovoltaic technology. After a year of trial operation, the technology of the first generation revealed a number of shortcomings during the operation in the harsh desert environment, such as the sand prevention capacity is to be improved, the line process is to be improved and so on. To solve those problems, the products with the second generation technology were developed in 2008. The original small unit cells with the peak power of 250W were changed into the 50kW large unit cells, while the tracking device was changed into the rotary design driven by a motor to achieve the accurate tracking in the range of 220 degrees, which not only saves land, but also increases greatly the wind resistance and the circuit integrated design level.
Author China Renewable Energy Scale-up Programme (CRESP), Updated 4 July 2011
Publisher
Link http://www.cresp.org.cn/english/content.asp?id=1483
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6 Renewable Energy, 6.3.3 Rural, Township and City Solar Development Programs and Specific Case Studies

Planning Report On solar PV Scale-up Utilization in Hohhot City

Abstract This report was prepared by the Institute of Electrical Engineering under CAS, in cooperation with the Economic and Social Development Research Center of Hohhot and the Inner Mongolian Institute of Electric Power Sciences. The international experts at the Center for Resource Solutions also provided valuable input to the research. The report analyzed the importance and benefits of developing large scale solar PV power generation in cities; evaluated the basic conditions of Hohhot for large scale utilization of solar PV, including, among others, the social economic development status, resource and environment conditions, power grid and power load characteristics, policy environment, and the solar PV technology application status. On basis of these, a general implementation plan coupled with investment estimation was developed; in addition, the report provided analysis on the economic, social and environment benefits, and recommended incentive policies to encourage large scale application of solar PV power generation technology in cities China.
Author Institute of Electrical Engineering, CAS Hohhot Research Center for Economic & Social Development Inner Mongolian Institute of Electric Power Sciences, March 2010
Publisher
Link http://www.efchina.org/csepupfiles/report/2010816102028688.6436943826599.pdf/Planning%20Report%20On%20the%20PV%20Scale-up%20Use%20in%20Hohhot%20City.pdf
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6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.3 Rural, Township and City Solar Development Programs and Specific Case Studies

City Supports for Solar Photovoltaic Energy: International Experience of Developing Solar Cities and its Implication for China

Abstract This presentation, prepared by Arthur O’Donnell，Alex Pennock and Ryan Wiser of the Center for Resource Solutions, briefly introduces the international practice and experience of developing solar in cities. The presentation firstly describes the role of cities in supporting solar and summarizes US Solar America Cities Program and Model U.S. Cities and Projects; then introduces solar cities in other countries such as Australia, India, Japan and etc; at the end, this presentation draws conclusions and summarizes its implications for China to build its own solar cities.
Author China Sustainable Energy Program, Arthur O’Donnell, Alex Pennock, Ryan Wiser, March 2011
Publisher
Link http://www.efchina.org/csepupfiles/report/20115511744176.92894108707975.pdf/Solar%20Cities_CRS_reference%20and%20implications%20for%20China.pdf
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6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.3 Rural, Township and City Solar Development Programs and Specific Case Studies

Greener Pastures from the Sun: Solar Photovoltaic-Driven Irrigation in Qinghai Province

Abstract Pastures are being degraded in the People’s Republic of China. Solar power can be cheaper than diesel fuel and reduces greenhouse gases while increasing incomes. A two kilowatts-peak solar powered water pumping system can supply both drinking and small scale irrigation water and help reclaim degraded pastures.
Author Asian Development Bank, September 2012
Publisher
Link http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2012/greener-pastures-from-the-sun.pdf
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6 Renewable Energy, 6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.3 Rural, Township and City Solar Development Programs and Specific Case Studies

Feasibility and Policy Study Report for Developing CSP in China

Abstract This report was prepared by the Center for Clean Energy Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Branch. The international experts at the Center for Resource Solutions also provided valuable input to the research. Based on study of existing CSP policies worldwide, the report analyzed and compared the advantages and disadvantages of each policy and their consequent effects; current domestic policies were also analyzed to assess the political environment for developing CSP in the country, and new policy options were recommended to address the political challenges and other barriers. Preliminary assessment of the CSP development potential of China was also included in this report. On basis of these, a strategic four-stage developing route for China’s CSP was proposed as a key component of the report.
Author China Sustainable Energy Program/Energy Foundation, Center for Clean Energy Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2010
Publisher
Link http://tinyurl.com/pybrwn5
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6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.2 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

Concentrating Solar Power – State of the Art, Cost Analysis and Pre-Feasibility Study for the Implementation in China

Abstract The report was prepared by Wen Zhang, a consultant with the German company Fitchtner. A PPT file is also provided here to summarize the long word document, and it was prepared by Wen Zhang and Dr. Ole Langniss jointly. This study provides a summary assessment of four major concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies and a review of major projects built mainly in USA and Spain. The cost of these CSP projects is compared and analyzed. Based on these information, a preliminary feasibility study of a CSP project in China is prepared to indicate the enormous market potential of CSP technology.
Author Wen Zhang, Fitchtner, October, 2010
Publisher
Link http://www.efchina.org/csepupfiles/report/201012223235114.92961532047225.pdf/FICHT-5243627-Presentation_Feasibility_CSP_China_Oct2010.pdf
Attachment
6 Renewable Energy, 6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.2 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

Commercialization of Solar PV Systems in China

Abstract In 1995, the State Science and Technology Commission (SSTC) of the People’s Republic of China and the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) jointly signed a cooperation framework on energy efficiency and renewable energy. Since that time, a series of cooperative documents have been signed, and many cooperative projects have been carried out. In 1996, the State Economic and Trade Commission (SETC) of China and the U.S. DOE signed an annex promoting the commercial development of renewable energy enterprises in China and the United States. In light of this agreement, the Renewable Energy Development Center of the Energy Research Institute, under the SSTC, and the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), conducted a joint project aimed at increasing mutual understanding between renewable energy companies in China and the United States. Other goals of the project include increasing opportunities for business collaboration and widening financing channels through the activities of information exchange, personnel training, and the creation of market opportunities. In this project, experts on both sides conducted a joint systematic investigation of the status of photovoltaic (PV) technology in China, including PV generation technologies, PV systems, and PV manufacturers and sellers. In spite of the rather large market potential, the PV industry in China is a latecomer, and the technical level is rather backward. The PV products are poor in quality and high in price compared with those in developed countries. This greatly restrains the development of PV manufacturers and their market penetration. Most Chinese PV manufacturing enterprises are faced with the problem of updating and reforming their technologies to adapt them to market development and competition. The purpose of this report is to (1) examine the current status of China’s PV industry; (2) understand the interests and market trends for U.S. PV enterprises; and (3) communicate this, along with the Chinese government’s plans and policies for PV development, to promote cooperation between Chinese and U.S. enterprises, thereby advancing the PV industry and its market development in China.
Author Center for Renewable Energy Development (CRED) and Energy Research Institute (ERI), June 2000
Publisher
Link http://www.frankhaugwitz.info/doks/pv/2000_06_China_RE_Solar_and_PV_Commercialization_CRED_ERI.pdf
Attachment
6 Renewable Energy, 6.3 Solar Energy, 6.3.1 Solar PV Status Reports and Recommendations