Archive for 1.1 General Energy Concerns

Innovation in China’s Energy Sector

Abstract The performance of China’s national system of innovation has improved since reforms began in 1978, but reform impact by sector is not well characterized. This case study identifies factors affecting patterns of technological innovation and adoption in eight industries in China’s energy sector (coal, oil and non-conventional hydrocarbons, natural gas, nuclear power, electric power, renewable sources, automobiles, and motor systems).Innovation performance is strongest in industries that have experienced institutional transformation and growing market competition, whereas in industries where the pre-reform legacy of central control, weak intellectual property protection, and low levels of corporate R&D persists, innovation is lagging. Government initiatives to mitigate urban air pollution by strengthening environmental regulations and reduce dependence on imported oil by funding alternatives are also influencing innovation patterns. Based on current performance of the innovation system and examples of collaboration in the energy sector, China’s ability to be a productive partner in international collaborative R&D efforts depends on the participation of local developers, domestic policy support for collaboration, and the strength of China’s own R&D enterprise
Author Program on Energy and Sustainable Development, Working Paper #61, Valerie Karplus, March 2007
Publisher
Link http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/21519/WP61__Karplus_China__Innovations.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

Key China Energy Statistics 2011

Abstract The China Energy Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) was established in 1988. Over the years the Group has gained recognition as an authoritative source of  China energy statistics through the publication of its China  Energy Databook (CED). The Group has published seven editions to date of the CED. This handbook summarizes key statistics from the CED and is expressly modelled on the International Energy Agency’s “Key World Energy Statistics” series of publications. The handbook contains timely, clearly presented data on the supply, transformation, and consumption of all major energy sources.
Author China Energy Group Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Levine, Mark; Fridley, David; Lu, Hongyou; Fino-Chen, Cecilia; January 2012
Publisher
Link http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbl-5569e-2011-databookjan-2012.pdf
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1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

Key China Energy Statistics 2012

Abstract The China Energy Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) was established in 1988. Over the years the Group has gained recognition as an authoritative source of  China energy statistics through the publication of its China  Energy Databook (CED). The Group has published seven editions to date of the CED. This handbook summarizes key statistics from the CED and is expressly modelled on the International Energy Agency’s “Key World Energy Statistics” series of publications. The handbook contains timely, clearly presented data on the supply, transformation, and consumption of all major energy sources.
Author Levine, Mark; Fridley, David; Lu, Hongyou; Fino-Chen, Cecilia; June 2012
Publisher
Link http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/key-china-energy-statistics-2012-june-2012.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (1st edition)

Author Zhou, Nan; Fridley, David; McNeil, Michael; Zheng, Nina; Ke, Jing; Levine, Mark; 2011 (First Edition)
Publisher
Link http://eaei.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/LBL_4472E_Energy_2050.April_.2011_1.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

China Energy and Emissions Paths to 2030 (2nd Edition)

Abstract This study presents two modelling methodologies that evaluate both the technical and economic potential of raising China’s efficiency levels to the technical maximum across sectors and the subsequent carbon and energy emission implications through 2030. The technical savings potential by efficiency measure and remaining gap for improvements are identified by comparing a reference scenario in which China continues the current pace of with a Max Tech scenario in which the highest technically feasible efficiencies and advanced technologies are adopted irrespective of costs. In addition, from an economic perspective, a cost analysis of selected measures in the key industries of cement and iron and steel help quantify the actual costs and benefits of achieving the highest efficiency levels through the development of cost of conserved energy curves for the sectors.
Author Fridley, David; Zheng, Nina; Zhou, Nan; Ke, Jing; Hansanbeigi, Ali; Morrow, Bill; Price, Lynn; 2012
Publisher
Link http://eetd.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/publications/lbl-4866e-rite-modelaugust2012.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

China’s Energy and Carbon Emissions Outlook to 2050

Abstract As a result of soaring energy demand from a staggering pace of economic expansion and the related growth of energy-intensive industry, China overtook the United States to become the world’s largest contributor to CO2 emissions in 2007. At the same time, China has taken serious actions to reduce its energy and carbon intensity by setting both a short-term energy intensity reduction goal for 2006 to 2010 as well as a long-term carbon intensity reduction goal for 2020. This study presents a China Energy Outlook through 2050 that assesses the role of energy efficiency policies in transitioning China to a lower emission trajectory and meeting its intensity reduction goals. Over the past few years, LBNL has established and significantly enhanced its China End-Use Energy Model which is based on the diffusion of end-use technologies and other physical drivers of energy demand. This model presents an important new approach for helping understand China’s complex and dynamic drivers of energy consumption and implications of energy efficiency policies through scenario analysis. A baseline (“Continued Improvement Scenario”) and an alternative energy efficiency scenario (“Accelerated Improvement Scenario”) have been developed to assess the impact of actions already taken by the Chinese government as well as planned and potential actions, and to evaluate the potential for China to control energy demand growth and mitigate emissions. In addition, this analysis also evaluated China’s long-term domestic energy supply in order to gauge the potential challenge China may face in meeting long-term demand for energy. It is a common belief that China’s CO2 emissions will continue to grow throughout this century and will dominate global emissions. The findings from this research suggest that this will not necessarily be the case because saturation in ownership of appliances, construction of residential and commercial floor area, roadways, railways, fertilizer use, and urbanization will peak around 2030 with slowing population growth. The baseline and alternative scenarios also demonstrate that China’s 2020 goals can be met and underscore the significant role that policy – driven energy efficiency improvements will play in carbon mitigation along with a decarbonized power supply through greater renewable and non-fossil fuel generation.
Author Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Nan Zhou, David Fridley, Michael McNeil, Nina Zheng, Jing Ke, and Mark Levine, April 2011
Publisher
Link http://eaei.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/LBL_4472E_Energy_2050.April_.2011_1.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

Energy Use in China: Sectoral Trends and Future Outlook

Abstract LBNL has initiated the Global Energy Demand Collaborative to initiate the development of a new generation model. The ultimate goal of the GEDC is a complete modelling system that covers the entire world (by region or country), and covers all economic sectors at the end use level. In the short and medium term, the core GEDC team has performed a series of studies such as: country studies, sector studies, or methodology reports. The present report draws upon the expertise developed over many years in the Laboratory’s China Energy Group in order to present as complete and detailed picture as possible of the components and trends in energy consumption in the world’s largest country.
Author Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report (LBNL-61904); Zhou, Nan; McNeil, Michael A.; Fridley, David; Jiang, Lin; Price, Lynn; de la Rue du Can, Stephane; Sathaye, Jayant; Levine, Mark; 2007
Publisher
Link http://eaei.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbl-61904-sectoral-energy-trendjan-2007.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

Environmental Implications of Energy Policy in China

Abstract Acquiring and using energy damages the environment more than almost any other set of human activities. However, increased energy usage does not necessarily lead to environmental degradation. As China’s energy system undergoes sporadic bouts of market liberalisation, decentralisation, internationalisation, and urbanisation, governance plays an important role in influencing environmental outcomes. A review of institutional reforms since 1978, focusing on coal, hydropower, and rural energy, illustrates the role of government policy, implementation, and institutions in augmenting and abating the environmental degradation that can accompany expanded energy usage. This article explores the interaction between energy, governance, and the environment in China, and identifies key variables that can influence the environmental impacts of future energy usage.
Author Environmental Politics. Vol. 15, No.2, 248-270, Aden, Nathaniel, T; Sinton, Jonathan, E., April 2006
Publisher
Link http://eetd.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/publications/ep-environmental-implicationapril-2006.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

Evaluation of China’s Energy Strategy Options

Author Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report (LBNL-56609); Sinton, Jonathan, E; Stern, Rachel E.; Aden, Nathaniel T. ; Lin, Jiang; McKane, Aimee T.; Price, Lynn, K.; Wiser, Ryan H.; Zhou, Nan; Ku, Jean Y.; 2005
Publisher
Link http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbl-56609-china-energy-strategiesmay-2005.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers

China’s Sustainable Energy Future: Scenarios of Energy and Carbon Emissions

Abstract In this study, entitled China s Sustainable Energy Future: Scenarios of Energy and Carbon Emissions, the Energy Research Institute (ERI), an independent analytic organization under China’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), sought to explore in detail how China could achieve the goals of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and its longer term aims through a sustainable development strategy. Three scenarios were prepared to assist the Chinese Government to explore the issues, options and uncertainties that it confronts in shaping a sustainable development path compatible with China’s unique circumstances. The Promoting Sustainability scenario offers a systematic and complete interpretation of the social and economic goals proposed in the Tenth Five-Year Plan. The possibility that environmental sustainability would receive low priority is covered in the Ordinary Effort scenario. Aggressive pursuit of sustainable development measures along with rapid economic expansion is featured in the Green Growth scenario. The scenarios consider, in unprecedented detail, changes in energy demand structure and technology, as well as energy supply, from 1998 to 2020. The scenarios in this study are an important step in estimating realistic targets for energy efficiency and energy supply development that are in line with a sustainable development strategy. The scenarios also help analyze and explore ways in which China might slow growth in greenhouse gas emissions.
Author Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report (LBNL-54067); Zhou, Dadi; Levine, Mark; Dai, Yande; Yu, Cong; Guo, Yuan; Sinton, Jonathan, E..; Lewis, Joanna I.; Zhu, Yuezhong; 2003
Publisher
Link http://eetd.lbl.gov/node/49515
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.1 General Energy Concerns, 1.1.3 International and Foreign Think-tanks, Research Institutes, NGOs and Individual Researchers