| Abstract | Expert Group Seminar in Conjunction with the OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development 27-28 March 2006 Paris |
|---|---|
| Author | Wang Yanjia |
| Publisher | Tsinghua University |
| Link | http://www.oecd.org/env/climatechange/36435159.pdf |
| Attachment |
| Abstract | China’s 11th Five Year Plan (FYP) sets an ambitious target for energy efficiency improvement : energy intensity of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP ) should be reduced by 20% from 2005 to 2010. This goal signals a major shift in China’s strategic thinking about its long -term economic and energy development. It also provides further evidence that the Chinese government is serious in its call for a new “scientific development perspective” to assure sustainability in accordance with long-run carrying capacity of the natural environment. This target for energy efficiency is likely to be difficult to achieve, considering that energy consumption has grown more rapidly than GDP in the last five years and , as a result, energy use per unit of GDP (energy intensity) has increased. This recent trend in energy intensity stands in sharp contrast to the trend observed from 1980 to 2000, when energy demand grew less than half as fast as GDP and energy intensity declined steadily. China’s long-term development plan, which calls for a quadrupling of GDP and doubling of energy use from 2000 to 2020, was based on this earlier experience, as are projections of China’s energy consumption by major Chinese and international institutions. However, if the recent trend continues, not only will it jeopardize China’s development goals, it will also create significantly greater adverse environmental impacts and major threats to long-run sustainability. Further, it could introduce a huge “unexpected” disturbance to the global energy and climate system. It is in recognition of the likely costs of “run-away” energy growth that China’s leaders have decided to highlight the need to reduce energy intensity. |
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| Date | 2006 |
| Author | Lin, Jiang |
| Publisher | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| Link | http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbl-61800-2010-energy-reductiondec-2006.pdf |
| Series | Report LBNL-61800 |
| Attachment |
| Abstract | Growth in energy consumption in China has soared over the last three years, driven largely by a booming economy and heavy investment in infrastructure and housing. In response, China has poured billions of dollars of investment in building power plants – at a rate of one large power plant (1000MW) per week. In fact, China in 2004 has added the entire generating capacity of California or Spain in a single year. In contrast, investment in energy conservation projects has weakened considerably in recent years. This paper examines trends in energy efficiency investments in China and the US. The comparison highlights the potential of energy conservation investments in addressing China’s current energy crisis as well as the inadequacy of such investments in China. Finally, the paper outlines a few scenarios for appropriate levels of investments in energy efficiency in China in the future. |
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| Date | 2005 |
| Author | Lin, Jiang |
| Publisher | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| Link | http://eaei.lbl.gov/publications/trends-energy-efficiency-investments- |
| Series | Report LBNL-57691 |
| Attachment |
| Abstract | The ‘Efficiency Power Plant’ (EPP) is a well-proven method to finance and implement electric utility energy efficiency efforts. An EPP provides the utility with customer-based efficiency measures that are the equivalent of a conventional supply-side power plant – and does so faster, and at lower cost. This link contains two papers written by the Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) with funding from the Asian Development Bank and the Energy Foundation that analyze the EPP potentials of Jiangsu and Shanghai. (Please note that these papers are preliminary results from RAP’s study. Numbers mentioned here are subject to change.) |
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| Date | 2005 06 |
| Author | |
| Publisher | Regulatory Assistance Project |
| Link | http://www.efchina.org/FReports.do?act=detail&id=151 |
| Attachment |
| Date | 2004 02 |
|---|---|
| Author | Lin, Jiang |
| Publisher | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| Link | http://eetd.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/publications/lbl-54964-ee-service-industryfeb-2004.pdf |
| Series | Report LBNL-54964 |
| Attachment |
| Abstract | Renewable energy and energy efficiency investments have long been supported through public policy efforts in a wide array of countries. Public benefits funds (PBFs) are one of several policy tools that might be used to provide this support, and PBFs have become increasingly common in recent years, especially as competition in the electricity industry has increased. While the objectives of different PBF programs are often similar, the structures and means to deliver energy efficiency and renewable energy services through PBFs show much wider variation across countries and U.S. states. This report summarizes international experience with PBF policies that target renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) investments, and identifies lessons learned from these experiences that are applicable to the Chinese context. |
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| Date | 2003 10 06 |
| Author | |
| Publisher | Energy Foundation |
| Link | http://www.efchina.org/csepupfiles/report/2006102695218803.9727694829052.pdf/China_PBF_101603_final.pdf |
| Series | China Sustainable Energy Program |
| Attachment |
| Abstract | Chinese industrial sector energy-efficiency policy has gone through a number of distinct phases since the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949. An initial period of energy supply growth in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s was followed by implementation of significant energy efficiency programs in the 1980s. Many of these programs were dismantled in the 1990s during the continuing move towards a market-based economy. In an effort to once again strengthen energy efficiency, the Chinese government passed the Energy Conservation Law in 1997 which provides broad guidance for the establishment of energy efficiency policies. Article 20 of the Energy Conservation Law requires substantial improvement in industrial energy efficiency in the key energy-consuming industrial facilities in China. This portion of the Law declares that “the State will enhance energy conservation management in key energy-consuming entities.” In 1997, the industrial sector consumed nearly 30 EJ, or 76% of China’s primary energy. Even though primary energy consumption has dropped dramatically in recent years, due mostly to a decline in coal consumption, the Chinese government is still actively developing an overall policy for energy efficiency in the industrial sector modeled after policies in a number of industrialized countries. This paper will describe recent Chinese government activities to develop industrial sector energy-efficiency targets as a “market-based” mechanism for improving the energy efficiency of key industrial facilities. |
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| Date | 2001 |
| Author | Price, Lynn |
| Publisher | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| Link | http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/aceee-industrial-ee-policiesjuly-2001.pdf |
| Attachment |
| Date | 2000 05 |
|---|---|
| Author | Price, Lynn |
| Publisher | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| Link | http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbl-46273-china-industrial-sectormay-2000.pdf. |
| Series | LBNL Report 46273 |
| Attachment |
| Abstract | China’s activities in promoting energy efficiency may have played a role in the reduction in total energy consumption in the country since 1996. The decline in China’s output and consumption of primary energy has been driven by changes in China’s most important fuel, coal. Estimated total primary energy use in 1999 will be nearly 6% below the 1997 peak. Meanwhile, consumption of oil and electricity have continued to grow. On the supply side, China has undertaken a campaign to close or curtail production at thousands of coal mines. On the demand side, available evidence is not conclusive and data not always reliable, but indicates that slowing economic growth and reform in the state-owned sector has led demand in industrial sectors users to drop due to closures and reductions in output. Households have continued their rapid switch from coal to gas fuels and electricity. The average quality of coal may be increasing, allowing end users to use less. Moreover, across all sectors, equipment turnover has continuously raised efficiency. Many factors are behind the improvements in energy efficiency, including rising energy prices and general economic growth stimulating purchases of new equipment. An essential element has been the continuing commitment of the Chinese government to promoting energy efficiency, which is devoting considerable energy to developing new policies and programs that will be effective under the changing conditions of China’s transforming political economy. This paper describes developments in energy efficiency policy in China over the past several years, particularly since the passage of the Energy Conservation Law (ECL) in 1997. |
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| Date | 1999, 2000 |
| Author | Sinton, Jonathan |
| Publisher | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| Link | http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/lbl-ee-policiesdec-1999.pdf |
| Attachment |
| Abstract | Rapid economic growth and market reforms have stimulated increased demand for foreign investment in advanced high efficiency energy technologies that will help China solve its serious energy and environmental problems. American energy efficiency businesses are starting to take the China market seriously. Honeywell Inc., with sales of $250 million in China in 1994, has formed a joint venture with a China Petrochemical Corp. (Sinopec) to retrofit its oil refineries with process controls. Insulation giant Owens-Corning Fiberglass Co. intends to invest $100 million in China between 1995 and 2000. A third case is Armstrong International, which has formed a joint venture with China’s General Machinery and Engineering Corp. to improve steam system efficiency in a variety of industrial applications. |
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| Date | 1996 |
| Author | Hamburger, Jessica |
| Publisher | Energy Journal |
| Link | http://china.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/energy-china-ee-roadmapjune-1996.pdf |
| Attachment |
