Archive for 1 Energy and Climate

Inside China, Inc: China Development Bank’s Cross Border Energy Deals

Abstract In 2009 and 2010, China Development Bank (CDB) extended lines of credit totaling almost $65 billion to energy companies and government entities in Brazil, Ecuador, Russia, Turkmenistan and Venezuela. The loans are secured by revenue earned from the sale of oil at market prices to Chinese national oil companies (NOCs), except in the case of Turkmenistan, which is delivering natural gas at undisclosed prices. These energy-backed loans (EBLs) are distinguished by their large size (up to $20.6 billion), long terms (up to twenty years), the relatively short period of time in which they occurred (over a period of less than two years), and their availability at a time when many companies were cancelling or postponing major investments in oil and natural gas development because of cash flow problems and virtually no other financial institutions were willing to lend such large amounts of capital for such long terms.
Author The Brookings Institution; Downs, E. (2011)
Publisher
Link http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/3/21%20china%20energy%20downs/0321_china_energy_downs.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

Addressing Large Developing Country Emissions: The case for strategic Sino-European Collaboration Under Joint Commitments

Abstract The objective of this Report is to explore the potential for addressing developing country greenhouse gas emissions at scale through bilateral ‘Joint Commitment Framework Agreements’ (JCFA). It focuses on the potential to reduce the growth of coal-based emissions in the Chinese power sector through large-scale collaboration between European and Chinese enterprises in the production of electricity from wind. The Report examines the proposition that under a Sino-European JCFA European companies will be more likely to collaborate with Chinese enterprises to transfer and develop low carbon technologies and know-how that will help to achieve jointly agreed carbon emission reductions in the Chinese power sector.
Author Benito Muller, David Robinson, Zhang Xiliang; 31 March 2010
Publisher
Link http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/EV53.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

Promoting China-US Subnational Cooperation on Clean Energy Development Study of Policies on Energy Saving, and Renewable Energy in Guangdong Province and California

Abstract As the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases and two largest energy consumers in the world, joint action by China and the United States can make a tremendous contribution to addressing climate change and developing clean energy. Towards this end, the Global Environmental Institute (GEI) launched a “US-China Track II Dialogue on Climate Change.” project in December 2007. GEI facilitated two informal dialogues between senior advisors to climate issues of the two countries, and subsequently organized the Chinese government delegation to the “Governor’s Global Climate Summit 1” hosted in California. Following the summit, GEI encouraged high-level officials to carry out the diplomatic dialogue and sign the Memorandum of Understanding to Enhance Cooperation on Climate Change, Energy and Environment (MOU).
Author Global Environmental Institute, November 2009
Publisher
Link http://www.geichina.org/_upload/file/climate_change/energy_policy_chn_en.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

Changing Climates, Interdependencies on Energy and Climate Security for China and Europe

Abstract This project is an independent initiative of European and Chinese research institutions to facilitate further understanding of China-EU interdependence and the potential for collaboration on energy and climate security issues. The broad aims of the project are to identify the mutual interests, challenges and opportunities for China and the EU in energy security and climate security over the next 25 years; and to produce high-quality independent analysis on the priorities for future collaboration to meet both regions’ climate and energy security goals. Changing Climates is written by the project team of the Interdependencies on Energy and Climate Security for China and Europe. The analysis and findings from this report are drawn from over twenty separate studies prepared by researchers from Chatham House, CASS, ERI, E3G and IDDRI and other institutions.
Author A Chatham House Report; Bernice Lee, Antony Froggatt et al; November 2007
Publisher
Link http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Energy,%20Environment%20and%20Development/1107climate.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

Co-existence Scenarios of North East Asian Energy Consuming Countries

Abstract Amidst a growing demand for energy and an increasing dependence on imports, the need to enhance energy security in Northeast Asia has become a focus of discussion for energy policy planners and energy industry players in the region. Based on this awareness, this report attempts to outline (1) the presumed demerits for Northeast Asian consuming countries (Japan, China, Korea) by working without partnerships and mutual cooperation, (2) the merits of partnerships and mutual cooperation, and then (3) analyze and examine sectors and policies for which cooperation is possible and a framework for the promotion of cooperation. Based on this analysis, this report introduces potential scenarios that will promote energy coexistence among consuming countries. Experts from Japan, China, and Korea held several meetings to develop the scenarios based on the scenario planning method. Currently, the Northeast Asian countries (Japan, China, Korea) face many challenges along the path to realizing mutual energy coexistence. However, by adopting a long-term perspective and coordinating interests, the three countries can build an even stronger state of cooperative existence. It is our sincere hope that this report can make a contribution to those efforts.
Author Strategy and Industry Research Unit, IEEJ, Institute of Energy Economics Japan; Dr. Ken Koyama (Ed), Senior Research Fellow, Director; July 2006
Publisher
Link http://www.frankhaugwitz.info/doks/general/2006_07_East_Asian_Energy_Cooperation_Senarios_Security_incl_China.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

Major Turning Points of International Energy Policy: China’s Key Role

Author Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Shanghai, Briefing Paper No.13, Friedemann Müller, February 2012
Publisher
Link http://www.fes-china.org/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=category&cid=84&Itemid=11&lang=en
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

European Business in China Position Paper 2009/2010 – Energy Working Group

Abstract The Energy Working Group comprises over 35 member companies with combined revenues in 2008 exceeding EUR 17 billion, total cumulative investment in 2008 of over EUR 18 billion, and collective employment of more than 100, 000 people in China in 2008. The largest European energy and equipment manufacturing companies as well as industrial energy consumers are active members of the Working Group. The Working Group seeks to establish an effective and constructive dialogue on energy policies with appropriate Chinese authorities, in order to:1) Provide input for energy policy work in China by sharing issues and concerns as well as sharing best practices of European energy industries operating in China; 2) Create fair and transparent conditions for competition between foreign and Chinese companies; and 3)Promote the development and integration of clean and renewable energies.
Author European Chamber of Commerce, 2010
Publisher
Link http://www.frankhaugwitz.info/doks/general/2009_09_China_Energy_Position_Paper_EUCCC_EN.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

The Impacts of China’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on China’s Energy Sector

Abstract It was said to be a win-win game when the Minister of the China Foreign Trade Ministry and the Trade Representative of the United States toasted each other on the Sino-American bilateral agreement on China’s entry into the WTO on November 15, 1999. Half a year later, a similar  agreement was reached between the European Union and China. Climbing the two largest mountains to get to the WTO, China is approaching the endpoint of the marathon. China needs the world, and the world cannot advance without the participation of China. Facing the challenges brought about by the new technologies and global mobility of capital, no country can develop further rapidly and healthily without adapting to this globalization of economy. This is also true for China, the largest developing country in the world. It is in great need of taking in the advanced technologies, large volume of capital, and policy experiences to facilitate its economic reformation, even political reformation.
Author Development Research Academy for the 21st Century, Tsinghua University, Shi Zulin and Xu Yugao Beijing
Publisher
Link http://oldsite.nautilus.org/archives/energy/eaef/C3_final.PDF
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

China and Iran: Energy and/or Geopolitics

Abstract This essay offers a Chinese perspective on the role played by Iran in China’s energy security and contemplates ways for China and the U.S. to address the associated diplomatic challenges. Iran is a factor that contributes to and risks deepening the “trust deficit” in diplomatic relations between China and the U.S. For China, access to Iranian energy resources is conditioned by an array of factors, including market-based concerns and considerations of domestic stability within China were Beijing to side with Washington in applying sanctions against Tehran. Beijing is not as forthcoming as Washington would like in dealing with Tehran, but Chinese involvement in multilateral diplomatic forums should not be overlooked. American observers are often tempted to view Chinese diplomacy toward Iran as part of an agenda to confront the U.S. and the wider West. The truth of the matter, however, is much more complex. China’s failure to heed U.S. demands to curtail oil imports and other economic ties to Iran can best be characterized as utilitarian and commensurate with the mutual anxieties that Beijing and Washington hold about each other.
Author National Bureau of Asian Research; Zha Daojiong; September 2012
Publisher
Link http://www.nbr.org/publications/specialreport/pdf/Preview/SR41_preview.pdf
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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector

Asia’s Rising Energy and Resource Nationalism: Implications for the United States, China, and the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract The 2011 Energy Security Report, “Asia’s Rising Energy and Resource Nationalism,” overviews the dramatic developments taking place in Asian energy markets and their geopolitical implications. The report includes an examination of the connection between energy insecurity and control of major sea lanes, the impact of Asia’s national oil companies on the global industry, and the emergence of rare earth elements as an arena for national competition.
Author The National Bureau of Asian Research; Gabe Collins, Andrew S. Erickson, Yufan Hao, Mikkal E. Herberg, Llewelyn Hughes, Weihua Liu and Jane Nakano; September, 2011
Publisher
Link The summary can be found here, http://www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/ETA/ES_Conf11_Report_Brief.pdf

the full report can be ordered here: http://www.nbr.org/publications/issue.aspx?id=236#.UkAuahBv5jc

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1 Energy and Climate, 1.3 China and International Relations in the Energy Sector